Brand and Heineken - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 947 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? I. INTRODUCTION The Heineken Brewery was founded in Amsterdam in 1863 by Gerard Adriaan Heineken. The strain of yeast which continued through the 1990s to give Heineken beer its special taste was developed in 1886. Heineken beer won a gold medal at the 1889 Paris World’s Fair, and, by 1893, was one of the largest selling beers in the Netherlands. In 1937, Heineken granted its first license to a foreign brewer to produce Heineken beer according to the original formula. While licensing agreements also aimed to specify how the Heineken brand should be marketed, Heineken could not influence how a licensee marketed its own brands. At the end of 1993, Heineken, being the market leader in Netherlands, was viewed as a mainstream brand. Outside the Netherlands, however, Heineken had consistently been marketed as a premium brand. Sales volume was declining and the brand image needed some revitalization. In January 1994, senior managers at Heineken headquarters in Amsterdam we re reviewing two research projects Project Comet and Project Mosa commissioned to clarify Heineken’s brand identity and the implications for television advertising. Heineken’s senior managers were interested in assessing whether or not the conclusions of the two studies were mutually consistent. They also wished to determine how far they should or could standardize Heineken’s brand image and advertising worldwide. II. VISION To be the world’s leading premium beer III. MISSION Heineken is a symbol of premiumness, taste, and tradition around the world. Unlike the other beer brands, Heineken’s roots, flavor, and commitment to and pride in brewing a high quality lager, makes up for its good taste that brings together friends with a winning spirit. No other brand in the world could claim superior good taste with as much credibility as Heineken. IV. MARKETING PLAN A. DEMAND / SUPPLY ANALYSIS By the 1980s, Heineken was seeking majority equity stak es in its existing and prospective partners to ensure tighter control over production and marketing. In 1993, it recorded net sales of 9,049 million guilders and a trading profit of 798 million guilders. Beer accounted for 82% of sales, the remainder being derived from soft drinks, spirits, and wine. In the same year, sales of the Heineken brand were 1. 2 billion liters. The company’s other brands with some international distribution were Amstel which sold 630 million liters; Buckler, a non-alcoholic beer, which sold 90 million liters; and Murphy’s Stout, recently acquired and sold principally in Ireland and the United Kingdom. As a result of acquisitions, Heineken also oversaw the brewing of many local and regional beer brands marketed by its subsidiaries, such as Bir Bintang, the leading Indonesian brand. The Heineken brand had long been available in markets outside the Netherlands. In Europe for example, Heineken owned outright its operations in the Netherlands, France, and Ireland. It held majority interests in breweries in Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland and licensed production to breweries in Norway and the United Kingdom. Heineken was not bottled in the large United States market, but was the number one imported beer. In Germany, the heaviest beer-consuming country in Europe, national brands still dominated the market and Heineken was available only through imports. B. INDUSTRY UPDATE (S. T. E. P ) In the early 1990s, the brewing industry was becoming increasingly global as the leading brewers scrambled to acquire equity stakes and sign joint ventures with national breweries. This trend was especially evident in the emerging markets where population expansion and increased promised faster growth than in the developed world. In Europe, in particular, overcapacity and minimal population growth resulted in price competition, margin pressures, and efforts to segment further the market with no or low-alcohol beers, specialt y flavored beers, and â€Å"dry† beers. Despite the increasing globalization of the industry, there remained substantial differences in per-capita beer consumption, consumer preferences and behaviors, and the mix of competitors from one market to another. C. COMPETITOR’S PROFILE / COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS At the end of 1993, the Heineken brand held a 24% volume share in the Netherlands; several share points ahead of its main competitor, Grolsch. In the same year, sales of beer brewed under Heineken’s supervision reached 5. 6 billion liters, second in the world only to Anheuser-Busch with 10 billion liters. D. MARKET ANALYSIS ( SWOT ) Strengths: †¢Established name †¢Good Taste †¢Premium Beer †¢Largest selling beer brand in the Netherlands, second in the world Weaknesses: †¢Heineken’s brand image was not being consistently projected in the brand’s communications around the world. †¢Some licensees did not maintain a suf ficient price premium for the Heineken brand over their own national brands. Opportunities: †¢Brewing industry’s increasing global trend †¢Heineken’s acquiring of majority equity stakes around the world †¢Innovative approaches to brand image that uses leading edge and state of the art advertising Threats: Substantial differences in per-capita beer consumption †¢Changing consumer preferences and behaviors †¢Mix of competitors from one market to another E. TARGET MARKET AND POSITIONING MAP The target market for Heineken is global. To have an international presence and to project the brand as â€Å"the world’s leading premium beer† with a good taste built on 5 core brand values: taste, premiumness, tradition, winning spirit and friendship. F. MARKETING OBJECTIVES Key Heineken Marketing Objectives in 8 countries: BUILDING: †¢Germany †¢Argentina †¢Brazil ENRICHMENT †¢Japan †¢Hong Kong CONFIRMATION †¢USA RESTORATION †¢Italy †¢Netherlands G. PRODUCT STRATEGY Commissioned research projects (project Comet and project Mosa) to clarify Heineken’s brand identity and the implications for television advertising. Also to determine how far Heineken should or could standardize its brand image and advertising worldwide. H. PRICING STRATEGY Seek majority equity stakes in existing and prospective partners to ensure tighter control over production and marketing including the pricing. I. PLACE / DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY J. PROMOTION STRATEGY K. TIMETABLE OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES ( GANTT CHART ) L. MARKETING BUDGET Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Brand and Heineken" essay for you Create order

Pregnancy Is It for All Ages Essay - 1551 Words

Think of a life, and how magnificent it is to bring life into the world, but now think about life with complications, all because women are delaying pregnancies due to their own personal reasons, such as careers and money. According to the Journal of Clinical Nursing by Loke Poon (2010)- both professionals in the medical field- state â€Å"[t]he growing proportion of first births to advanced age women is a public health concern,† and â€Å"†¦there are controversial views as whether advanced age pregnancy renders women more prone to pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes† (p. 1142). This statement provides credibility behind the fact that there are many risks developed during pregnancies in older women. Within the media today there are stories†¦show more content†¦The Journal of Clinical Nursing compares age-related concerns between advanced age women and younger women about the risks and concerns about their unborn child. In the journal it states: à ¢â‚¬Å"[m]ore advanced age pregnant women than the younger women reported concerns relating to the ‘possibility of miscarriage’ and ‘the physical demands of caring for the newborn baby,’† and in just a few sentences it then follows up to say that â€Å"advanced age women were still more likely than their younger counterpart to be concerned about their ‘recovery after childbirth,’ Down’s syndrome and structural defects of the fetus† (Loke Poon, 2010, p. 1145). With this information, does it now seem unethical for these women to conceive and reproduce? Knowing that the unborn child could potentially decease and/or have detrimental physical health risks and deformities is enough to answer that question. The women know the consequences, and the fact that they are putting both lives on the line, but yet they continue on with conceiving anyways. Due to the fact that advanced age pregnancies can result in chromosomal deformities, Down Syndrome is a high possibility for the child bore by an advanced age mother; this is what research has proven according to Haddow et al (1994), who all practice in the field of medicine and/or are researchers in diseases among newborns. Physicians in the U.S., who are advising women about the consequences of advanced age pregnancies, tested andShow MoreRelatedMaternal Health And The Pregnancy Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesMaternal health defined by the world health organization as the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. However, this paper examines maternal past experience and utilization of health care during the pregnancy. The primary goal is to assess the role of socio-demographic factors particularly age and race/ ethnicity, and the role of pregnancy intention to the prenatal care utilization and ultimately the correlation of these factors in the birth o utcome and the maternalRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Public Perception1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this chapter is to provide a literature review of teen pregnancy and public perception. The chapter will begin by examining the decrease of teen pregnancy in America. It will transition to understanding the emotional effects on teen mothers and depict how a pregnant teen’s life could be altered. It will conclude by discussing how the topic of teen pregnancy has caused the President of the United States to take a closer look. This chapter will end with a summary of my research findingsRead MoreMotherhood and Pregnancy1429 Words   |  6 Pageslife. In this modern world women’s attitude against pregnancy and being a mother is changing accordingly. There occurs so many miscarriages and maternal death during the pregnancy. A woman should be physically, and more over mentally set to have a baby in her womb. Considering the biological fitness of health itâ€℠¢s said that safer age to be get pregnant is in between 20 to 29. Early pregnancy in the teenage age of 13 to 20 and the delayed motherhood age after 35 is challenging to the health of motherRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Research Paper1273 Words   |  6 Pages The Effects of Pregnancy Among Adolescent Girls Heather Thedford HS 2013: Health Communications Texas Woman’s Universityâ€Æ' DESCRIPTION Teenage pregnancy is defined as a teenage girl, usually within the ages of 13-19, becoming pregnant (Unicef 2008). These are young girls that have not yet reached adulthood, who are engaging in unprotected sex and have conceived a child from that encounter. Risk Factors Associated with Teen Pregnancy Teen pregnancy has severe health risk factors for theRead MoreHealth Education Reduction Of Teenage Pregnancy1647 Words   |  7 PagesHEALTH EDUCATION REDUCTION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (2010-2015) Introduction Teenage pregnancy (known as under-18 conception) negatively affects the health and wellbeing of both the young mothers and their children. Early parenthood is prone to the risk of postnatal depression, poor health (including mental health), social exclusion and by the age of thirty (30) there are more likely to live in poverty, have limited education, career and economic prospect. There is high risk ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Teenage Pregnancy On Children1636 Words   |  7 Pageseffect of teenage pregnancy on children by exploring the results of an ADHD survey, ASRS-v1.1. The study sampled 100 kindergarten students, 50 had teenage mothers and 50 had mothers who gave birth during adulthood. A quantitative research method was utilized along with the difference-oriented research strategy approach. The independent variable is identified as the age of pregnancy and the two variant levels are: pregnant teens, ages 13-19, and pregnant women in adulthood, ages 25-35. The dependentRead More Liberal vs. Conservative Views on Teen Pregnancy649 Words   |  3 Pageson Teen Pregnancy Liberal View on Teen Pregnancy Liberals support teenage pregnancies because according to them: The ideal age for women to start having babies is 17 or 18 compared to 20 or 22. Teenage mothers are better than the older mothers. True that most of the teen age mothers are poor but does delaying childbearing make them escape poverty? It is true that pregnancy and its outcomes are problem for teenagers but arent these issues equally problematic for women of other ages? TeenageRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy1551 Words   |  7 PagesTeen pregnancy is something that affects over one million young teens in the United States. For some, these pregnancies are planned but 85% of these teens the pregnancy is unplanned. This can cause a lot of endless problems in the life of the teen and the newborn child. There are a lot of things that can cause an unplanned teen pregnancy, such as teens experimenting with sexual encounters at a young age. Another major cause is the lack of guidance due to guardians that are blind or do not want toRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : Teenage Pregnancy1404 Words   |  6 PagesLauryn Jones Block 5 4/27/16 What is Teen Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20. A girl can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate which can be before her first menstrual period, but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Most teenage girls don t plan to get pregnant, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the motherRead MoreTeenage Birth Rate Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the past 20 years, yet the U.S. is still ranked the highest in teen pregnancy when compared to other developed nations (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2016). The term teen pregnancy is denoting young females being pregnant or giving birth under the age of 20. According to the CDC, in 2015, there were 229,715 babies born to adolescent females ages between 15-19, or a total of 22.3 live births per 1,000 in this age group in the United States; a lmost 89% of these births were from unmarried

Psalm 1, 23, 32 Free Essays

Psalm 1, 23, 32 Psalm 1, 23 and 32 is from the bible and these Psalms praise to the God by people. It is also the worship to God and shows that another way for pursuit of happiness is singing the Psalms or praising the God because people who believe in God think that they can be protect from troubles and forgiven their sins by God. By trusting that the God, they believe that they will be safe and not need to worry about their starvation or survival. We will write a custom essay sample on Psalm 1, 23, 32 or any similar topic only for you Order Now They believe that God will provide them with all needs and even protects from their enemies. Psalm 1 describes about the three characteristics of a blessed man, and how he mediated with the law of the lord. The blessed man compared the God with a tree panted by the rivers of water, which yields its fruit I season and whose leaf does not wither. Whatever he does prosper. † The blessed man also compared the ungodly in the fourth sentence. He also mentions that the ungodly will not stand in the judgment and the sinners will not stand in the congregation of the righteous. He mentions that only the God know the way of the righteous. Psalm 23 is about the God is our shepherd, and describes about where the God lead us (2,3). It also describes about how the God restore the blessed man’s souls and guides him in the way of righteousness. In the fourth sentence, the blessed man describes about how people do not have fear when they walk through the valley of death and the fifth sentence describes that God has always prepare for us. The last sentence describes about how goodness and love follows us all the days of our life by God. Psalm 32 is about who is blessed (1,2) by God and describes about the result when one does not confess his sins (3,4). It also talks about the psalmist deal with his sins (5) and how the God would guide him (8). Finally, the ninth sentence mentions about what we are not to like as horse or mule (9). How to cite Psalm 1, 23, 32, Essay examples

Strategic Development National Australia Bank

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Development for National Australia Bank. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyse strategic development of National Australia Bank (NAB). Therefore, in order to, better understand the concept, the report follows a systematic approach and discusses various factors that affect the strategic development of the organization in logical sequence. The report begins with a brief discussion about the growth and development of NAB since its inception to the present. It discusses what strategies that the organization has implemented over the years. Next, the report discusses various criticisms faced by the company in relation to the business practices it has employed over the years. Further, the report undertakes a comprehensive environmental analysis of the industry where it operates. Lastly, the report discusses and analyses the organizational structure and leadership style within the NAB. Company Background NAB was formed in the year 1982 by the merger of National Bank of Australia and the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney. The merger resulted in expansion of financial base of the NAB and activated significant expansion outside Australia in the ensuing years. This more than 150 years old bank provides solutions to customers with their money. At present, the company employs more than 35,000 people that serve more than 10 million customers at more than 800 branches in Australia, New Zealand and around the world. The business of NAB business model is built on understanding customer needs, supporting and providing solutions as per their needs. NAB is Australias largest bank. Therefore, it provides banking solutions to small, medium and large business organizations in starting, running and growing their businesses. During the period from 1987 to 1997, bank operations grew substantially as the organization acquired many foreign banks (Nab.com.au 2016). Business strategies applied by NAB Vision: To be worlds leading financial services company. Mission: NAB bank aim is to take the hard work out of banking. Business strategy Since its inception, NAB has applied market development strategy. The company has focussed on expanding its business through mergers and acquisitions. The bank opened representative offices in different cities around the world. In 1987, NAB acquired Clydesdale (Scotland) and Northern Bank (Ireland). In 1990, NAB purchased Yorkshire Bank (England). Further, in 1992, NAB acquired Bank of New Zealand and in 1995, it acquired Michigan National Bank, the banks first foray into the US market (Fleisher and Bensoussan 2015).In addition, NAB acquired HomeSide Lending, a leading US mortgage service provider based in Florida. In 2000, NAB acquired MLC Limited for $4.56bn, which is one of the biggest mergers in Australian corporate history (Liu 2015). NABs case of growth by overseas expansion strategy has helped the company to access international markets, however expected results outcomes of this strategy has been far from a roaring success story. By the year 1997, NAB was performing exceptionally well and the company was determined to become worlds leading financial services company. In order to achieve this, NABs management continued on their strategy of growing organically and through well thought acquisitions. During the initial 10 to 15 years, NAB focused only on expanding its business operations to international markets (Moutinho 2016). Criticisms of business practices Foreign exchange scandal: On January 13, 2004, NAB announced that it had lost AU$360 million in foreign currency trading. The massive loss was due to increasing reliance on speculation and high-risk investment activity to boost profitability. Subsequent investigation by Price Waterhouse Coopers and the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority found the involvement of internal staff and suggested a need of cultural change. The losses were due to faulty speculative position where the traders misrepresented profits in order to earn heavy bonuses. In order to show profits, traders speculated on the US dollar, proclaiming that it would rise against the Australian dollar and other currencies. NAB put the blame for losses to unauthorized trading by some rouge employees at its foreign exchange options desk. However, PwC highlighted NAB insufficient risk management policies and poor control mechanisms (Cummins and Santomero 2012). Although, the bank maintained that the high-risk activity was not the strategy of the bank, the emergence of information later contradicted NABs assertion. It was found that NAB was trading at levels far greater than its official risk caps. The Australian banks usually calculate their exchange option financial exposure by a Value at Risk (VaR) formula. It determines the maximum apparent losses that could result at any particular time. At that time, NABs foreign exchange options cap was $3.25 million dollars; while the company accrued a total loss of AU$360 dollars which was 110 times the maximum VaR. Moreover, NABs annual report suggested that increasingly risky trading was mindful policy. It is evident from the fact that The average VaR of bank in Sept. 1999 was $3 million while for the same month in 2000 it stood at $20 million, this increase in the value of VaR clearly indicates that banks risky trading. Moreover, in an attempt to hide the unscrupulous business practice, NAB aband oned its usual practice of publishing year-on-year comparisons in annual report figures (Batten et al. 2015). Financed greenhouse gas emissions: NAB faced severe criticisms for its involvement in providing loan in the order AUD 11.2 billion to the fossil fuel industry in Australia since 2008. On the other hand, the banks loan in renewable energy amount to just 20% of the amount of fossil fuels i.e. AUD 2.2 billion dollars. This has raised concerns that the finance provided by NAB has significantly contributed to existing problems of global warming. This has raised considerable outrage in the Australian community and led to various responses including creation of fossil fuel free investment products that excluded NAB from the investment universe. The stakeholders of NAB raised their concern in annual general meeting and demanded for detailed emissions disclosure and reduction in loans for fossil fuels. Environmentalists and protest groups covered ATM screens in order to raise awareness regarding the unethical business practices and its impact on the environmental degradation of the Great Barr ier Reef. In addition, the customers of the bank shifted their money to those banks that have lower financed emission portfolios (Dao et al. 2016). Environmental analysis PESTLE analysis: PESTLE analysis refers to analysis of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Ecological environment where the company operates. It aims at scanning the external business environment of the business that is beyond the control of organization but exercises considerable influence on the long-term success of the business. The PESTLE analysis of NAB can be undertaken as Political: The banking sector is most affected by the political factors present within the country where it operates. Moreover, as NAB is expanding its operations by entering global markets, its business is affected by the political ideologies, political stabilities and policies of respective countries. Moreover, the banks operations and profitability is directly linked with geo-political environment. The ongoing unrest in Middle Eastern countries, polarization of power, conflict between Russia and the United States of America, problems with North Korea and increasing terrorist activities all around the world, have affected the business of NAB. However, the domestic market provides support and required infrastructure, which is beneficial for NAB (Hill 2012). Economic: The economic environment is favourable for the business of the organization. The revival of economy after the financial crisis of 2008 sends positive signals and world economy is again forwarding in right direction. The country is experiencing greater foreign investment and positive outlook among the investors presents favourable conditions for NAB to grow in next few years. Socio-cultural: Socio cultural factors also affect the business operations of NAB. These factors include level of education in the society, life style preferences, profession, values and cultures of the people, education level and so on. In this regard, Australian society exhibits all the favourable conditions for business development of NAB and people are aware of the importance of banking solutions in their lives (Grant 2016). Technological: In the todays world, technology is evolving at a faster rate. Technological changes in the banking sector have direct impact on the long-term sustainability of the banks. In this context, NAB has invested in developing cutting edge and competitive technology that would provide NAB competitive advantage over the competitors. Further, increasing influence of internet in banking operations and digitalization of currency has changed the dynamics of banking industry and NAB has implemented strategies to take advantage of such technological changes (Safeena and Date 2015). Legal: All the business organizations are required to comply with the legal requirement of the land where it operates. NAB being a financial institution is subject to various regulations and standards. The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) is the governing body that overseers banks and other financial bodies in Australia. In addition, Reserve Bank of Australia also prescribes guidelines that the banks are requires to comply. The purpose of these regulations is to prevent the unscrupulous business practices and protections of rights of customers. Therefore, it can be said that legal environment is beneficial for the long-term sustainability of business operations of NAB (Florey 2012). Ecological: Increasing concern for the environment has made it crucial for business entities to adopt sustainable and environment friendly business practices. The bank has faced severe criticisms for fossil fuel industries. Therefore, it is important for NAB bank to identify social and environmental risks especially in credit approval process. In this regard, NAB has developed environmental issues policy to identify such risks and undertake appropriate strategies to mitigate those risks (Boersma 2015). SWOT analysis of NAB Strengths Strong brand name Financially strong Leading financial player with diverse products and services Weaknesses Globally less renowned Declining revenues impacting growth activities Opportunities Expansion in Asian markets Diversifying portfolio Threats Stiff control by government on the wake of financial crisis and recession Stiff competition from other banks (Source: As created by author) Organizational culture NABs organizational culture is inspired by five core values passion for customer, will to win, be bold, respecting the people and doing the right thing. Organizational culture leadership are two sides of the same coin and cannot be understood without each other. From 1999 to 2004, Frank Cicuttio, was the CEO of the company. During his position as a leader, the bank grew tremendously until the foreign currency trader fraud was exposed, which also led to his resignation. This incident also led to change in organizational culture. The culture of the organization has been under scrutiny for its inability to risk management and placing control measures to avoid mismanagement (Alvesson 2012).The leaders were more focussed on increasing profitability and revenues at any cost. Since the debacle of forex scandal, the company is in damage control and has been not able to produce effective leaders. The organizational culture has been secretive and leaders exercise maximum control on all the fu nctions of organization. Therefore, it can be said that the organizational culture of NAB is bureaucratic in nature. There is too much hierarchy and the communication follows top to bottom. The top executives take all the decisions and employee participation is restricted. Moreover, NABs inability to make a strong and positive presence in other countries apart from Australia is attributed to failed leadership and the bank has to adopt a more holistic and participative style of leadership in order to be successful globally (Tehan and Thompson 2013). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evident that NAB has been able to achieve the stature of one of the biggest banks in Australia with the effective implementation of its strategic policies. In the domestic market, NAB enjoys dominant position; however, its foreign endeavour has been less successful. The bank has adopted expansionist strategy to grow and entered new markets. Further, the bank has also suffered some set back due to some scandals and business decisions such as loaning of fossil fuel industries that lead to massive public outrage and the foreign exchange scandal that not only cost the company financially but also tarnished the image of the bank. However, from the environmental analysis it is clear that there are huge opportunities for banks growth and development; but in order to exploit these opportunities, bank has to revaluate its organizational and instil string leader at its helm to enhance the image of the organization and to boost the confidence of employees to ach ieve organizational objectives. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Batten, J.A., Loncarski, I. and Szilagyi, P.G., 2015. Strategic Insider Trading: Evidence from the Foreign Exchange Markets.Available at SSRN 2653576. Boersma, M., 2015. How Does Sustainable Banking Add Up?.Catalyst Australia, Sydney. Cummins, D. and Santomero, A. eds., 2012.Changes in the life insurance industry: Efficiency, technology and risk management(Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. Dao, A., Godwin, A. and Ramsay, I., 2016. From enforcement to prevention: international cooperation and financial benchmark reform.Law and Financial Markets Review, pp.1-19. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015.Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Florey, K.J., 2012. State Law, US Power, Foreign Disputes: Understanding the Extraterritorial Effect of State Law in the Wake of Morrison v. National Australia Bank.Boston University Law Review,92(2). Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hill, J.G., 2012. Why did Australia fare so well in the global financial crisis?. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.145-165. Liu, H., 2015. Constructing the GFC: Australian banking leaders during the financial crisis.Leadership, p.1742715015584537. Moutinho, L., 2016. National Australia Bank (Australia). InWorldwide Casebook in Marketing Management(pp. 515-549). Nab.com.au. 2016. Personal. [online] Available at: https://www.nab.com.au/ [Accessed 2 Sep. 2016]. Safeena, R. and Date, H., 2015. Customer perspectives on e-business value: case study on internet banking.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2010. Tehan, M. and Thompson, N., 2013. Loss and Grief in the Workplace: The Challenge of Leadership.OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying,66(3), pp.265-280.

Level Of Species Diversity In Two Habitat Areas

Introduction This experiment was conducted to determine and measure the level of species diversity in two habitat areas. The two areas include forest and urban ecosystem. Biodiversity can be described by determining the number of species in an ecosystem. It also refers to as species richness. In general, the diversity of species includes both the richness and evenness of species.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Level Of Species Diversity In Two Habitat Areas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evenness compares the resemblance of the size of population of individual species within the litter sample. Species richness is used to quantify the number of different organisms present in an eco system. The purpose of quantifying species is the main sampling consideration when examining richness and evenness of species. It becomes much easier to quantify the species if the level of taxonomy is known. Taxonomy makes the proc ess simple by giving names to individual species in a sample. It is possible to have a clear variation between individuals of one species. For instance, depending on the adaption, there can be four variations of spider species. These spiders can be distinguished using their physical characteristics including shape, size, color, and body segment. In particular, this only happens if the process of sorting is accomplished with the help of morphological characteristics. Two main approaches are used in classification of species. They include biological species concept and the morphological species concept. In the latter, individual species with similar biochemistry are considered to be morphospecies. However, the first approach involves the use of biological characteristics to classify species. For instance, individuals that breed together are classified as one species. The experiment relied on Simpson Diversity index to measure the level of biodiversity in the two habitats. The quantity is normally used to determine the biodiversity of an eco system by considering the richness and evenness of species. A diverse habitat will be represented by a large value of Simpson Diversity Index. Methods The experiment was done in groups and was aimed at sorting, identifying, and counting the vertebrate morpho species’ in each of the two litter samples provided. The groups were provided with Litter samples and details of their collection location.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a group of four, a sample of each litter type was taken and placed in separate trays. The trays were labeled with the litter type as the group made notes of the physical structure and appearance of the litter samples. Using forceps the group sorted through the litter samples to find invertebrates. This exercise was done with caution because some of the individual species in the sam ple could bite or sting. The starting time was noted as the group searched through each sample for approximately 20 minutes. The group then sorted the invertebrates into major categories and placed them in different sample containers. The containers were properly labeled in order to know where the individual species came from Once the step of sorting out the species was completed, the group pooled the invertebrates for further sorting into morphospecies. In order to do this, the group use structural characteristics as far as possible. These include the shape of individual organism, number of body appendages, and body segment. Color and size could not be used as structural characteristics because they are considered to be unreliable. Once the sorting process was completed, counting the number of species began and the data recorded on the class data sheet. The morphorspecies were given specific names for their identification. The group then calculated the species diversity by computin g the Simpson diversity index, species richness, and species evenness for each of the litter samples provided. Results Data for the first sample set Results for second sample set The result shows differences in species evenness and richness in the two litter samples. The first sample had a total of 32 individual organisms while the second had 50. The total number of species was 11 and 31 respectively. The result for the first litter sample was 0.6774 while that for the second litter sample was 0.9527. Discussion The Simpson Diversity Index calculation was used to measure the level of biodiversity in the two habitats. The Simpson Diversity Index is also referred to as the Dominance index. In calculating species evenness, equitability index was used. When the dominance index is high, the habitat is more diverse. But when it is low, the habitat lacks diversity. As such, the dominance index for the first litter sample is.6774 while that for the second litter sample is.9527. Comparing these two figures, one can easily conclude that the second litter sample has a high level of species biodiversity. This can be attributed to the fact that the sample litter was collected from a forest habitat. However, the first sample litter was collected from an urban eco system.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Level Of Species Diversity In Two Habitat Areas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The same conclusion can be drawn in regard to species richness. The first sample only had a total of 11 species while the second sample had a total of 31 species. Since the second sample had the most number of species, it is apparent that the sample had the highest measure of species richness. This can be attributed to the habitat where the species were collected. It can also be attributed to the physical features of the species. The set of biodiversity used in the experiment is sensitive to factors such as pollution and environmental change. This explains why the species collected from urban environment are less diverse and lack richness than those collected from the forest environment. The species are still vulnerable to the effect of climate change because human activities in urban areas continue to degrade the environment. The experiment also came with its share of limitations. The process of sampling and sorting out individual species was not simple. In most cases, sampling areas of interest usually constitute large eco systems. This limits the process of quantifying species because not every species can be examined. Consistency in the method of sampling is recommended because applying different methods can lead to varying results. It was relatively difficult to distinguish some groups of individual species using their morphological characteristics. In conclusion this experiment sought to compare biodiversity in two different habitats: forest, and urban environment. From the analysis of the dat a, forest environment has a high measure of biodiversity, species evenness, and species richness. The experiment found high level of variety in members of same species living in forest environment. The samples were truly representative of their habitats. This report on Level Of Species Diversity In Two Habitat Areas was written and submitted by user Braden Olsen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

3 Methods Used to Steal Trees

3 Methods Used to Steal Trees Tom Kazee is s woodland security expert based in Orange Park, Florida. Tom has decades of experience in the woodland security business and contributes regularly to Tree Farmer Magazine. He has written a great piece on timber theft with tips on how to prevent this kind of theft. Mr. Kazee suggests there are basically three ways timber is stolen. As a timber owner or forest manager, you would be wise to study these methods of theft and take preventative actions to avoid a rip-off. The purpose of this report is only to make you wise to the ways of a timber thief. Although the vast majority of people who buy and harvest trees are honest there are people who will cheat and try to deceive timber owners and sellers for financial gain. Harvesting Directly on Your Property Thieves will set up a harvest directly on your property or will move over on you from adjacent ownership. They have observed that the propertys management and know that timber theft is an acceptable risk. Although mistakes can happen to honest loggers, I am talking here about timber being taken with evil intent. Ways to Prevent the Theft: Inspect your property regularly. Your own neglect can encourage thieves. Inspections will also catch insect and disease problems early and head off line encroachment.Maintain and refresh proper boundary markings. It is much easier to do this when property lines are still visible. Always freshen up your lines when harvesting is occurring on adjacent property.Cultivate good neighbors and encourage good lease-holders to keep an eye open. Pretend to Be a Buyer Thieves dressed as buyers will offer absurdly low prices for timber knowing that the landowner has no idea of the value. Although it is not a crime to give away your trees, it is a crime to misrepresent their value Ways to Prevent the Theft: Timber market values and tree volumes can be hard to determine without a professional. Always get a second opinion of values and volumes, especially where large acreage is involved. You might want to hire a forestry consultant or buy a timber inventory from a third party.Check out all timber buyers by asking for referrals and by inquiring about the buyer at your local or state foresters office.Avoid the temptation to make a quick sell to a friendly buyer. Take a deep breath and ask the buyer for some time for you to think about what you are going to do. You should not feel pressured by the buyer. Making a Lump Sum Sale Thieves can actually steal trees after you have approved and allowed the harvest. Poor accounting in both lump sum sales and unit sales can tempt a logger or a trucker to misreport trees cut and/or volumes represented. Ways to Prevent the Theft: No timber should leave the loading site on pay-as-cut sales unless the load has been recorded by date, species, time and destination. Reputable loggers have these records.All records must be available for inspection and collected at the end of each week. These records should then be compared to scale tickets for reconciliation.You or your agent need to be on-site and visible at random times during the week.

The Use of Prescription Drugs to Treat Children and Adolescents with Essay

The Use of Prescription Drugs to Treat Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders - Essay Example It is important to note that only a very fortunate few were treated at this time. Many prehistoric sufferers of mental disorders were either killed as infants or left alone to die in the wilderness (Arieti 1974). This cruel and heartless treatment continued for several millennia. As people gained a wider understanding of the body and how it worked, they also gained greater knowledge of the brain and its possible abnormalities. The advent of Christianity and Islam led to more humane treatment of the mentally ill. The first psychiatric hospital appeared in the Byzantine Empire during the 6th Century A.D. (Arieti 1974). Over the next several hundred years, an enormous evolution of thought took place. Psychiatric patients were no longer seen as monsters to be gotten rid of in any way possible; they were seen as humans who needed medical help. Most of the responsibility for the care of the mentally ill fell on the shoulders of religious organizations, and this would cause more problems for mental patients during the European Reformation and Renaissance periods. They were often left to fend for themselves when the monasteries were dissolved (Arieti 1974). The European obsession with witch hunts during the 16th and 17th Centuries led to even more deplorable treatment of the mentally ill, who were incorrectly thought to be possessed by the devil, and were tortured or executed because of this (Arieti 1974). For a time, it appeared as if the treatment of mental patients was going to revert back to prehistoric cruelty. Then, in the 18th Century, the cultural period of Enlightenment began, and many psychiatric hospitals were reinstated (Arieti 1974). Some were formed out of the prison sy stem, while others sprang once again from religious organizations (Arieti 1974). The 19th Century ushered in a new era of psychiatry. Psychiatry had now become its own autonomous specialty, recognized as being independent from the field of

Company profile for the media company HBO (Home Box Office) Term Paper

Company profile for the media company HBO (Home Box Office) - Term Paper Example The channel is expanding its broadcast continuously by licensing its broadcast to television networks and presently people of about 151 countries around the world are enjoying its original programs. At the same time, HBO’s branded premium pay and basic cable networks are operating in about 50 countries of Latin America, Central and Western Europe, and some parts of Asia as well (http://www.timewarner.com). At the end of 2011, it had about 81 million global subscribers out of which 42.5 million are international premium pay and basic cable subscriber while rest of 39.4 million are nationwide premium pay subscriber. HBO is available in HD on number of multiplex channels like Direct TV, Cox Communication, Xfinity, Time Warner Cable, and Dish Network etc. The year 2011 is the fourth consecutive year when HBO has won 4 Golden Globes award more than any network while it has been the 10th consecutive year when it has won 8 Sports Emmys and 19 Primetime Emmys in 2011 (HBO Annual Repor t, 2010). Strangers No More, a documentary film of HBO received Academy Award for the category of Best Documentary. 1. What do they do in media? HBO mainly operates television films, comedy shows and concerts, motion pictures and original series, and occasionally boxing matches via cable, direct broadcast satellite (DBS), C-band satellite, and microwave (MMDS). The network has offered HBO On Demand. It means HBO has given a wonderful option to its subscriber to watch its programs according to their own schedule. A big share of HBO’s programs consists of egalitarian theatrical motion pictures. For this purpose, HBO acquires license agreements from the producers or distributors of such recently released films. Under such agreements, HBO gets exclusive rights to broadcast and distribute recently released or old films. The license agreement always depends on the performance of films on the box office. High-quality award winning original comedy and theatrical series is another bro adcast segment of HBO e.g., Boardwalk Empire, Curb Your Enthusiasm, True Blood, and Boardwalk Empire. Besides these, HBO also shows boxing matches, family programs, sports news, and commentaries. 2. How long has this business been in operation, what is their history? Charles Dolan, one of the pioneers of cable networks systems in United States of America, presented the business plan of ‘Green Channel’ to Time Life Inc. On 8 November, 1972 the channel became Home Box Office or HBO (Forsyth, 2002). ‘Sometimes a Great Notion’ was the first ever program aired on HBO. In 1973, Time Life Inc took over the control of newly established channel as Gerald Levin became the first President as well as CEO of HBO. Initially churn rate from subscribers was so high. HBO was tumbling and any debacle could have been occurred. At that time, Levin introduced the broadcasting in Massachusetts. Here a preview of service was offered for free on Channel 3. This offer showed promis ing results as HBO gained a good number of subscribers. Later on the same strategy was applied in other states. On 30th September 1975, HBO put on air the first ever live boxing match between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier and thus became the first television channel which delivered the telecast through satellite medium (http://transition.fcc.gov). HBO launched its companion network Cinemax in 1980 which is still very popular and known for its late night soft-core adult shows and series. In 1981, HBO extended its broadcast from 09 hours to 24 hours. In 1983, HBO presented its first kids’ show. Until 2001, HBO showed number of programs for children when these programs were shifted entirely to HBO Family channel. The decade of 80s

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 34

Case Study Example Additionally, he works with the government agencies in his attempt to formulate appropriate policies to contain the inhalation of the glue. The case study therefore investigates the effects of this neurotoxin in one of the street children as the author attempts to expose the daunting consequences of an innocent act by the street children. The work environment is an essential factor that affects the productivity of the employees in any given company. The case investigates cases in which employees of a uranium company work in deplorable conditions often exposed to the radioactive radiation of uranium. The case portrays gross disregards of the basic human rights as the management of the uranium company continues to expose its employees to the harmful radiations. Furthermore, the management of the company does this deliberately. Apparently, the management had done an exhaustive survey on the safety of the workplace thereby determining substantial leakages of the radiation. The files of such findings continue remain filed in the archives while the employees continue to labor in hazardous conditions. Sara goes to work in a foreign environment where she faces numerous challenges. In the case, Sara’s plight is one that millions of people working in foreign countries face. Sara faces numerous challenges key among which is sexual harassment owing to unique laws. The different forms of harassments include abusive colleagues who often made reference of her gender. Such inappropriate comments coupled with inappropriate gestures among many other forms of sexual harassment made her stay in the foreign countries difficult. Among the challenges that employees face include cultural differences which affects their ability to fit into the new society. This affects their productivity. The situation is worsened with the rising cases of xenophobia as the locals begin to target foreigners. Such aggressive attacks and acts of discrimination may result in the loss

Management of Patient With Vestibular Neuronitis (VN)

Management of Patient With Vestibular Neuronitis (VN) Stephen Chiang (21209166) Rural GP Case 2GP CLINIC Presenting complaint TW is a 22 year old woman who was presented with a 3 day history of dizziness and light-headedness. History of presenting complaint Patient first experienced dizziness and light-headedness after returning from her holiday in Sydney. History of viral URTI 4 weeks ago which has been resolved. Describes the dizziness as â€Å"walking on air† and feeling unstable on her feet. Patient denies any sensation of vertigo – â€Å"head spinning† or â€Å"everything spinning†. Associated with a right- sided headache that worsens the day after. Also associated with nausea, malaise and myalgia. Denies any vomiting. Symptoms are exacerbated by changing position – getting out from bed and standing up from sitting position. Relieved by resting in a dark, quiet room. Patient denies any visual symptoms (flashes), tinnitus or deafness. No recent head injury or ingestion of any drugs – alcohol marijuana Pt went to see a physiotherapist ?vertigo but no abnormalities was detected by the physiotherapist. No nystagmus. Patient admits dizziness improved slightly with the hall-pike manoeuvre. Past Medical History Nil Medications Estelle-35 ED tablets2mg/35mcgdaily No known drug allergies Family History Nil remarkable Social History TW works as a hair stylist. Lives with her parents and siblings. Non-smoker and occasional ETOH consumption 2-3 standard drinks a week. Diet consists of take outs and fast food. Moderate physical activities. Examinations Pleasant looking young woman. Not in any obvious pain or distress. Vitals – BP 118/80, HR 80, RR 18, afebrile, no signs of anaemia. ENT – NAD on otoscope examination, no redness, swelling or discharge. Weber and Rinne test grossly intact. Optic – visual acuity 6/6 on L and R eye. No evidence of nystagmus on examination. Cardiovascular – Dual heart sound noted, nil added. No postural drop of blood pressure. Cranial nerves – olfactory sensation intact. Visual field and pupillary light reflex normal. Nil ptosis, diplopia and good accommodation. Light touch on the cheeks and forehead grossly intact. Power of muscle of mastication 5/5. Facial nerve intact and NAD. No deviations and fasciculation of tongue and uvula. Accessory muscles 5/5. Cerebellum – Normal gait, good coordination, negative dysdiadochokinesia and negative rhomberg test. Normal reflexes and no past pointing. Negative Hallpike manoeuvre. Investigations Ordered Nil Murtagh’s Diagnostic Model Management Plan 1. Viral vestibular neuronitis Reassurance and careful explanation to patient about nature of disease. Symptomatic treatment of nausea, prochlorperazine prescribed. Supportive treatment at home, bed rest and special vestibular exercises – explained by GP. Avoid movement or position that exacerbates symptoms. Return to GP if no resolution of symptoms. Follow up Patient did not represent to GP practice during my placement. Preventative Health Activities 1. Nutrition – education and advice on healthy diet plan 2. Alcohol – education on appropriate alcohol intake, early recognition or drinking problem 3. Sexual health – education for prevention of sexually transmitted infection and contraception. 4. Physical activity – encourage importance of physical activities. Clinical Evidence Base In the management of patient with vestibular neuronitis (VN), is the usage of pharmacological treatment (glucocorticoid) more effective in terms of recovery compared to supportive treatment alone. Vestibular neuronitis is defined as the dysfunction of the peripheral vestibular system with associated vertigo, nausea and vomiting.5 Hearing symptoms such as deafness and tinnitus are rarely associated with vestibular neuronitis.3 Up to today, the cause of vestibular neuronitis remains unknown hence, the main treatment options remain unclear limiting it to corticosteroids, antiviral therapy and vestibular exercises.1,4 The OneSearch UWA library database was searched and keywords used were â€Å"acute†, â€Å"vestibular neuronitis†, â€Å"corticosteroid†, â€Å"conservative treatment† and â€Å"head manoeuvre†. Other related terms were also included in the search. One study was identified, â€Å"Corticosteroid and vestibular exercises in vestibular neuronitis† by John K. Goudakos, MSc; Konstantinos D. Markou, George Psillas, Victor Vital, Miltiadis Tsaligopoulos.1 The study is single-blind randomised clinical trial measuring the recovery of 40 patients with vestibular neuronitis by using vestibular exercises vs corticosteroid at 1, 6 and 12 months.1 The 40 patients were randomised into 2 groups where one received corticosteroid therapy and the other underwent vestibular exercises for 3 weeks.1 Recovery was measured by monitoring the scores on the European Evaluation of Vertigo scale (EEV), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs).1 Patient included in the study were: Aged 18-80 presenting with history of acute onset associated with vertigo, nausea, vomiting, postural imbalance, no hearing loss, no central lesion on neurological examination, horizontal nystagmus with rotational component, ipsilateral deficit on the head thrust test and unilateral reduced calorie response on the electronystagmography(ENG).1 Patient excluded from the study were: glaucoma, recent infection, signs of central vestibular dysfunction, history of chronic vestibular dysfunction, hearing loss and patients that are contraindicated for steroid use.1 Results: At 1 month, the EEV in both group showed an improvement with a score of 3.75 in the vestibular exercise group and 4.17 in the corticosteroid group. However (P>0.05) hence there is not significant difference between the two groups.1 At the 6 months follow up, 35% of the patient in the corticosteroid group had a complete disease resolution compared to 5% in the vestibular exercise group, (P1 At the 12 months follow up for disease resolution, 50% of patient in the corticosteroid group showed complete disease resolution and 45% of the patient in the vestibular exercise group showed disease resolution however (P>0.05) hence there was no significant difference.1 Strength and Weaknesses This study is level II based on the NHMRC. Methods of measuring outcome were clearly explained. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were well defined. Single-blinded study. No statistically significant difference in age, sex and disease onset between both groups. Small sample size of 40 patients. Method of randomisation was not defined, may include bias. Measurement of recovery did not include other factors. Tools of measurement such as VEMPs are good for diagnostic clarification but not measurement of disease. Measurement did not include clinical improvement. Application – This study showed that there is a quicker resolution of vestibular neuronitis in the short term within 6 months of corticosteroid therapy. However in the long term follow up, (12 months) the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy is similar to vestibular exercises. Further studies should be performed combining vestibular exercises with corticosteroid therapy with a larger sample size to measure efficacy. In this case, my GP did not offer corticosteroid therapy to the patient but educated the patient on vestibular exercises which corresponds to the finding above because corticosteroid therapy does not offer additional long term benefits. References 1. John K. Goudakos, MD, MSc; Konstantinos D. Markou, MD, PhD; George Psillas, MD, PhD; Victor Vital, MD, PhD; Miltiadis Tsaligopoulos, MD, PhD. Corticosteroids and Vestibular Exercises in Vestibular Neuritis Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck SurgeryPublished online March 6, 2014.; 140(5) pages 434-440 2. Mikael L.-Ã…. Karlberg and Mà ¥ns Magnusson. Treatment of Acute Vestibular Neuronitis With Glucocorticoids.Otology Neurotology2011; 32 pages 1140-1143 3. Keith A Marill, MD.Vestibular Neuronitis. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794489-overview#a5 (accessed 18 June 2015) 4. John Murtagh AM.Murtaghs General Practise, Fifth edition ed. Published in Australia: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; This fifth edition published 2011 5. John C. Goddard MD and Jose N. Fayad MD. Vestibular Neuritis.Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America2011; 44(2)pages 361-365

White-Collar Crime Essay -- Crime

Businesses are vulnerable to a variety of internal and external crime that affects an organization’s performance. White-collar crime is a problem affecting businesses in the U.S. and around the world, costing billions of dollars in lost revenue every year. This paper will identify the types of employee crimes focusing on theft and the perpetrators; examine the impact to businesses and explore how business can deal with these offenses. Mr. Smith places some extra highlighters and colored paper in his briefcase from the office’s supply closet for young Billy to use on his school project. Joanne has returned to her desk a 15 minutes late from her lunch break and is now surfing the web for airfare while on the phone long distance with her ailing grandmother to discuss plans to see her next month. Leonard supplements his hourly wage from working nights at the gas station by sneaking a couple scratch-off lottery tickets off the roll when the owner isn’t around. Mrs. Sara Swindle has been defrauding union members by diverting dues for her own use. Some of these examples may not necessarily be prosecuted or even discovered but nonetheless are examples of employee theft or white-collar crime. Businesses face a myriad of internal threats for their success; the focus for this paper is theft; including theft of cash, inventory and equipment. Other types of employee crime include: writing company checks, money laundering, processing fraudulent invoices, payroll fraud, falsifying revenue reports, customer identity theft, intellectual property theft, overstated expense reports and credit card fraud (Bressler, 2011). Long before credit card fraud and identity theft, business owners dealt with theft. There is a no more clear exampl... ...activity and its impact on business. The Entrepreneurial Executive, 16, 49-61. Retrieved from http://0-search.proquest.com.oak.indwes.edu/docview/885012416?accountid=6363 Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S., Naffziger, D. W., & Hodgetts, R. M. (2000). Crime and Small Business: An Exploratory Study of Cost and Prevention Issues in U.S. Firms. Journal Of Small Business Management, 38(3), 1-13. Retrieved from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.oak.indwes.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=56e11fdb-9475-4a64-9062-e0c057beace7%40sessionmgr11&vid=21&hid=15 Larson, E. (1985, January 14). Crook's tool: Computers turn out to be valuable aid in employee crime --- machines facilitate stealing, extortion and sabotage; west coast's robin hood --- you don't trust anybody. The Wall Street Journal, p. 1. Retrieved from http://0-search.proquest.com.oak.indwes.edu/docview/397889148?accountid=6363

Cost Club Scenario Essay

Introduction Every employee has fundamental rights in the workplace that include their right to privacy, fair compensation and free from discrimination. Even applicants have rights before they are hired as an employee. Some of those rights include discrimination that is based solely on a person’s race, gender, age, religion, national origin, or during the hiring process (FindLaw, 2014). Employee Privacy * Employees have the right to privacy with regards to their personal possessions * This includes their purses, handbags. Briefcases, lockers.* Employees have limited rights with respect to e-mail messages and internet usage while using Cost Clubs computer system * Employers do not have the right to conduct a credit checks or background checks on an employee or perspective employee without the express written permission of the employee (FindLaw, 2014). Employee Unions Under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), employers are forbidden from interfering in an employee’s right to organize, or to join or assist in a labor organization for collective bargaining purposes, or prohibit working together to improve terms and conditions of their place of employment. Union employer’s may not coerce their employees in exercising any of their rights such as (National Labor Relations Board, 2014): * It is illegal for an employer to threaten their employees with the loss of their jobs or benefits if they choose to join or vote for a union or participate in protected concerted activity. * Threaten employees with plant closure should their employees choose to have union representation. * Employers are not to question employees about their union activities or sympathies * Promise employees benefits in order to discourage union support * Punishing  employees for engaging in union or protected concerted activity * Retaliating against an employee by transferring, laying off, terminating, assigning employees to more difficult work task or for filing an unfair labor practice charges or participating in an NLRB investigation (National Labor Relations Board, 2014). Occupational Safety and Health Administration Under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (,OSHA) employers have a responsibility to their employees to provide a safe environment for their employees. Employers are responsible for providing their employees with a workplace free of serious hazards and must follow all OSHA safety and health standards as well as identify and correct any safety or health problems found. It is also the employer’s responsibility to (United States Department of Labor, 2014). * Keep employees informed about hazards through the offering of training, labeling, alarms, systems that are color coded, material safety data sheets that pertain to chemicals and other methods. * Employees are to be trained in a manner in which they can fully understand * Employers are to maintain accurate and complete records of any work-related injuries or illnesses that may occur in the workplace. * Employers are to post any citations, injuries and illness data where is it easily viewed by employees. * OSHA is to be notified by the employer within eight hours should there be a workplace fatality or when three or more workers have been injured or hospitalized due to an accident. * Display the official OSHA poster that describes the rights and responsibilities in plain view for employees to read per the OSHA Act (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Employee Retirement Income Security Act Compliance assistance under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) sets the minimum standards for retirement and health benefit plans in private industry. Although ERISA does not require an employer to provide a retirement plan or to provide benefits it only requires those who have established plans meet and follow a level of standards. ERISA covers retirement, health, and other welfare benefit plans. (United States Department of Labor, 2014): * Meet ERISA standards of conduct * Employers are to assure that the funds of the plan are protected and that  participants who qualify will receive their benefits. * Employers are to include new health laws * Employers are to provide a continuation of health care coverage for an employee that due to certain events would result in a reduction ,in their benefits. * The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) amended ERISA to make health care coverage available for employees that have either been terminated or have quit (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Fair Labor Standards Act The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is responsible for setting and establishing a minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards that affect employees in the private sector andFederal, State and local governments (United States Department of Labor, 2014). * The wage for covered nonexempt workers is $ 7.25 per hours * Overtime pay to be at the rate of one-half times their regular pay after a 40 hour workweek. * There is no limit to anyone 16 years or older to the amount of hours they may work. * FLSA does not require Cost Club to pay overtime for weekends, holidays for an employees, regular days off, unless overtime is typically worked on those days. * Employers are required to display the official poster of the FLSA. (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Conclusion In order to ensure and maintain a high moral level of employee behavior. Employees of Cost Club must fully understand the ethical and legal implications of their decisions. As they relate to their employees personal and professional values. This should be reflected at every level upper, and lower management included. Cost Club needs to develop and implement a Business Code of Ethics that can be reviewed with all employees at all Cost Club locations. By implementing a Business Code of Ethics, Cost Club will weave together not only the legal principles of employment, but the moral issues that commonly arise in employment issues. These ethical behaviors are vital to Cost Clubs overall success. The stakeholders of Cost Club are able to take direction from Cost Clubs, Business Code of Conduct. And when an ethical dilemma occurs the code will become one of the employee’s best tools for dealing with the dilemma. When Cost Club chooses to engage in employee monitoring, this practice will be posted and announced to all employees.  Employees need to understand the laws and Cost Clubs corporations, policies along with the Business Code of Conduct. Cost Club also needs to exercise restraint in looking over their employees shoulders when it comes to use of the internet and email. (Mujtaba, 2014). When everyone understands all the ground rules then the workplace environment at Cost Club will be fair. If Cost Clubs employees are being ethical and following the policies he or she should not be concerned with monitoring and at the same time Cost Club should conduct their monitoring of employees within the guidelines of the law (Mujtaba, 2014). References FindLaw. (2014). Employee rights 101. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://employment.findlaw.com/employment-discrimination/employees-rights-101.html. Mujtaba, B. G. (2014). Ethical implications of employee monitoring: What leaders should consider. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.huizenga.nova.edu/Jame/articles/employee-monitoring.cfm. National Labor Relations Board. (2014). Employer/union rights and obligations. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.nlrb.gov/rights-we-protect/employerunion-rights-and-obligations. United States Department of Labor. (2014). Employee retirement income security act ERISA. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/health-plans/erisa.htm. United Stated Department of Labor. (2014). Employer rights and responsibilities following an OSHA inspection. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3000.html#12. United States Department of Labor. (2014). Wage and hour division. Retrieved April 13, 2014, fro m http://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/.

Analysis of Frederick Douglass essay

Analysis of Frederick Douglass essay Analysis of Frederick Douglass essay Analysis of Frederick Douglass essayFrederick Douglass is one of the prominent figures in the US history, whose contribution into the abolition of slavery and the change of the attitude of white Americans to African Americans. However, the author reveals the full extent to which the US society was unjust in relation to African Americans, who were absolutely deprived of their rights and liberties because they were slaves, who were treated as mere commodities. At the same time, the book is not the mere depiction of the life story of the slave, who has gained freedom, but it is the book that helps to understand the evolution of a person, who transforms from the mere slave into the free person, who is free not only physically but also spiritually and his evolution helps to understand how freed slaves felt after their liberation, what problems they confronted and how difficult it was to them to adapt to the new life, the life of free people.Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is the life story of Frederick Douglass, where the author attempts to convey his story of the evolution from a slave into a free person. At the same time, the author reveals the full extent to which the US society was hypocritical in relation of African Americans: â€Å"The slave auctioneer’s bell and the church-going bell chime in with each other, and the bitter cries of the heart-broken slave are drowned in the religious shouts of his pious master. Revivals of religion and revivals in the slave-trade go hand in hand together† (Douglass, 87). The symbolic and ironic comparison of slavery and Christianity which was very influential in the US in the time of slavery reveals how different key ideas of Christianity and traditional Christian values were from practices implemented by slave traders and owners. More important, the author shows that the US society took slavery for granted and preserve their religious beliefs which paradoxically combined with slav e holding practices. No wonder, F. Douglass devaluates the Christian church comparing it to the slave prison: â€Å"the slave prison and the church stand near each other. The clanking of fetters and the rattling of chains in the prison, and the pious psalm and solemn prayer in the church, may be heard at the same time† (Douglass, 87).The narrative reveals the hypocrisy of slave traders and American culture which was based on Christianity and violated basic Christian norms systematically turning slaves into mere commodities: The dealers in the bodies of men erect their stand in the presence of the pulpit, and they mutually help each other. The dealer gives his blood-stained gold to support the pulpit, and the pulpit, in return, covers his infernal business with the garb of Christianity. Here we have religion and robbery the allies of each other- devils dressed in angels’ robes, and hell presenting the semblance of paradise (Douglass, 87). Americans ignored basic needs o f slaves and viewed them as mere brutes and commodities. This is probably why they preserved their sincere faith and devotion to Christian norms and beliefs which apparently contradicted to slavery practices. Nevertheless, being Christians did not prevented many white Americans from owning and trading slaves and treating them as mere commodities. On the contrary, they believed their attitude to slaves was absolutely natural and even good probably because they could never view their behavior and attitude to slaves from the slave’s standpoint. In this regard, the book written by F. Douglass helps the audience to view interracial and social relations in the US from the African American perspective, from the perspective of the salve, who has won his freedom costly and appreciates his freedom more than any other person, who has been free from the birth.At the same time, the author uncovers unexpected aspects of his liberation and gaining freedom. The more freedom F. Douglass had t he more dissatisfied he became because he grew aware of the persisting social injustice that affected life of many freedmen and slaves nationwide: I have observed this in my experience of slavery, that whenever my condition was improved, instead of its increasing my contentment, it only increased my desire to be free, and set me to thinking of plans to gain my freedom (Douglass, 118). In such a way, freedom was not just the great achievement for F. Douglass but also it was a great challenge for him. Becoming a freedman started for Douglass from his education, when he learned that he also could be free and he grew convinced that people should be equal and free.The author concludes that the liberation of a slave needs the total change of the consciousness of the freedmen: â€Å"to make a contented slave, it is necessary to make a thoughtless one. It is necessary to darken his moral and mental vision, and, as far as possible, to annihilate the power of reason. He must be able to dete ct no inconsistencies in slavery; he must be made to feel that slavery is right; and he can be brought to that only when he ceased to be a man.† (Douglass, 123). He had gone a long way until he became totally free and his consciousness had changed under the impact of his personal development and evolution which contributed to his transformation from a slave into a free man.In this regard, education has played an important part in the formation of views and beliefs of F. Douglass: â€Å"The more I read, the more I was led to abhor and detest my enslavers. I could regard them in no other light than a band of successful robbers, who had left their homes, and gone to Africa, and stolen us from our homes, and in a strange land reduced us to slavery.†(Douglass, 157). As a result, his education contributed to t he rise of his consciousness as an individual, as a person, who is equal among others with the only difference that he was enslaved by the repressive regime that mainta ined slavery in the US.In addition, F. Douglass gives insight into the culture of slaves: â€Å"Slaves sing most when they are most unhappy. The songs of the slave represent the sorrows of his heart; and he is relieved by them, only as an aching heart is relieved by its tears.† (Douglass, 172). In such a way, Douglass shows that, in spite of slavery, African Americans had preserved their own culture and attempted to realize their creativity through their songs. However, their owners neglected their culture and, more important, they often opposed to the education of slaves and the development of their culture, which they viewed as a threat to their control over slaves. Slave holders believed that education and culture would undermine their power and make slaves rebel against them to set themselves free.At the same time, the narrator notices: â€Å"I have sometimes thought that the mere hearing of those songs would do more to impress some minds with the horrible character of s lavery, than the reading of whole volumes of philosophy on the subject could do.† (Douglass, 192). Therefore, the cultural life of African Americans became the ultimate manifestation of their protest against slavery. As they had no other means to resist to slavery, they developed their original culture, which mirrored their hardships, their oppressed position and inhuman conditions of living. The author insists that freedom raises the social consciousness of people, who used to be slaves and slaves, once feeling being free will never agree to be slaves again: â€Å"The silver trump of freedom roused in my soul eternal wakefulness.†Ã‚  (Douglass 194).Thus, F. Douglass had managed to evolve from a slave into a free person and, more important, he had managed to communicate his hardships and his evolution to the public through his book Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. The publication of the book written by F. Douglass became an important socia l event because it uncovered the real life of African Americans in the US ruining the romanticized view on the liberation of slaves and depicting the real life of African Americans.

Motivational Quotes By Women for Everyone

Motivational Quotes By Women for Everyone The womens rights movement is dedicated to the idea that women should have equal rights with men. It began with women gaining property rights and the right to vote and sign a contract, and it has expanded to opening occupations that were previously closed to women and to the right to equal pay for equal work. Whether they are feminists, activists, writers, TV personalities, spiritual leaders, psychologists, poets or educators, the sayings of these women who sought equality motivate us all and leave an indelible impression. Motivational Quotes By Women Margaret MeadNever doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, its the only thing that ever has.Erica JongEveryone has talent. What is rare is the courage to follow the talent to the dark place where it leads.Harriet Beecher StoweNever give up, for that is just the place and time that the tide will turn.Nadezhda MandelstamI decided it is better to scream. Silence is the real crime against humanity.Dianne FeinsteinToughness doesnt have to come in a pinstripe suit.Anne FrankParents can only give good advice or put them [children] on the right paths, but the final forming of a persons character lies in their own hands.Eleanor RooseveltYou gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself, I lived through this horror. I can take the next thing that comes along. You must do the thing you think you cannot do.Susan B. AnthonyIt was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. Oprah WinfreyAs you become more clear about who you really are, youll be better able to decide what is best for you the first time around.Indira GandhiYou must learn to be still in the midst of activity and to be vibrantly alive in repose.Peace PilgrimWhen you find peace within yourself, you become the kind of person who can live at peace with others.Janis JoplinDont compromise yourself. You are all youve got.Dr. Joyce BrothersLove comes when manipulation stops; when you think more about the other person than about his or her reactions to you. When you dare to reveal yourself fully. When you dare to be vulnerable.Barbara De AngelisYou never lose by loving. You always lose by holding back.Dolores HuertaIf you havent forgiven yourself something, how can you forgive others?Mother TheresaI know God will not give me anything I cant handle. I just wish that He didnt trust me so much.Joyce Carol OatesIt is only through disruptions and confusion that we grow, jarred out of ourselves by the collision of someone elses private world with our own. Louisa May AlcottLove is a great beautifier.Dolly PartonIf you want the rainbow, youve got to put up with the rain.Maya AngelouYou can write me down in history with hateful, twisted lies, you can tread me in this very dirt, but still, like dust, Ill rise.Helen HayesRest and you rust.Kaethe KollwitzI am gradually approaching the period in my life when work comes first. No longer diverted by other emotions, I work the way a cow grazes.Doris LessingNone of you [men] ask for anything except everything, but just for so long as you need it.Bella AbzugWe are coming down from our pedestal and up from the laundry room.Susan B. AnthonyThere never will be complete equality until women themselves help to make laws and elect lawmakers.Virginia WoolfEach has his past shut in him like the leaves of a book known to him by heart and his friends can only read the title.

Modern Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modern Philosophy - Essay Example Kant’s investigations into the Rationalists’ and the Empiricists’ definitions of the origin of knowledge led to what Kant described as his â€Å"Copernican Revolution† in philosophy wherein he refuted the long-held belief that the mind is passive; Kant, instead, credit the rational, thinking mind for providing us with a systematic structuring of a representation of the world that makes our experience of it possible (McCormick). That is, how the world appears to us depends on how our mind perceives it based on our position and movement, thus the reference to Copernicus’ revolutionary theory. Based on this definition, Kant struggled to answer the question of what can we know and what can we not know. Kant argued that our knowledge is then constrained to the universal laws of mathematics and the empirical sciences and cannot extend to speculative metaphysics because our mind cannot fathom beyond what it holds within the spatiotemporal framework. A good starting point in any in-depth discussion of Kant’s philosophy and, especially, how he revolutionized the way the world, in general, and philosophers, in particular, think is to revisit the series of events that led him to his thesis and resulting treatises. Kant was indoctrinated in Wolff’s modified dogmatic rationalism, the thought prevalent in Germany during Kant’s academic years between 1747 and 1781; he taught about reason being the basis of knowledge (Turner). Towards the end of that period though, Kant started to question this belief. There were contradictions in the physical sciences he could not reconcile using the rationalists’ point of view and he began to reject the validity of metaphysical reasoning because of its shaky foundations (Turner). On top of it all, Kant revealed that it was his careful reading of David Hume’s analysis of the principle of causation that "interrupted my dogmatic slumbers and gave my investigations in th e field of speculative philosophy a

Ethical Dimensions Of Medicine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Dimensions Of Medicine - Research Paper Example There are different philosophical theories that can be used to describe or interpret the dfferent views concerning controversial subjects in medical ethics. David Hume lived in the 18th century and was a Scottish philosopher. Philosophical Theories on Issues in Medical Ethics Hume believed that reason, by itself cannot be presumed to be a motive of the will, but instead is subject to human passions(Mason and Laurie, 2010). He was of the opinion that in normal circumstances, moral distinctions are not the direct result of reason but of moral sentiments such as the emotions of blame or praise. Hume supported the view that there are intrinsic human sentiments such as the expression of vice or virtue; and also simulated actions like the human demonstration of justice. ones like the While some virtues and vices are natural, others, including justice, are artificial. According to Hume’s view, God formed the universe through different cycles; and He enabled man to be able to carry on his creative work. Moreover, He also gave free will to man. People, therefore, have the power to enact things that may not be a part of God’s will. The subject of medical ethics falls under this interpretation of what is right or wrong. The right to euthanasia, for instance, can be said to be an example of man’s ‘artificial’ justice which is not God-given but is the warped result man’s misuse of the free will that was extended to him by God. Immanuel Kant's theory, on the other hand, states that what guides the actions of man is 'rationality' (Mason and Laurie, 2010). According to Kant, human beings have the responsibility to perform what can be said to be 'reasonable' and not inconsistent. Kant stated that it was impractical to extend this responsibility in handling knowledge to the metaphysical arena. Kant stated that any moral obligation has to be applicable to all individuals in any circumstances and at any time. This means that any type of mor ality has to give evidence of a sound moral path in all circumstances and has to be useable to all people. From this view, a doctor’s care for his or her patient is basically a duty that has virtue. Immanuel Kant stated that, â€Å"only those actions which are performed for the sake of duty have moral worth† (Mason and Laurie, 2010). This definition alludes to a difference between inclination and duty. Kant’s views indicate a distinction between inclination and duty. If an individual has inclinations that support his or her duty, they have attained a higher moral development (Mason and Laurie, 2010). This means that Kant was of the view that it is a sacred duty to preserve life. However, if misfortune and hopelessness due to illness or manic depression life have removed all zest for life, the decision to euthanize has moral worth. Conversely, moral duty can be descriptive of preserving life in spite of adverse circumstances, not because of sentimental reasons, b ut because of a sense of duty. From the Kantian theory, one can surmise that the ‘rightness’ or ‘wrongness’ of controversial subjects in medical ethics such as euthanasia is dependent on the morality of the agent. For instance, if the motive of the child of a terminally ill patient who wishes to end his or her life is in line with his or her sense of duty to assist the patient, the child’s assisting of the patient to kill him oe herself becomes a moral act due to the fact that the child ignored his or her

Research Challenges Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Challenges Report - Essay Example It presents the experience of using the case study research design in two real world family businesses, in which, one is our family business which is reaching its third (3rd) generation with me. The report describes the challenges that are faced and state the lessons learned in this experience, that, the case studies are very active and useful aspects of the study, and that the participant or persons in the case studies, influences the research conduct. It offers a critical review and personal reflection with regards to whether and why the research approach applies to the dissertation in question. All research designs, irrespective of where there being applied, have their merits and demerits. Therefore, when choosing a research method/design to be used in a given study, there are many factors that need to be considered. While undertaking a dissertation, several approaches may be considered including evaluation of research requirements and then developing a research plan. This was the approach that preceded the selection of the research approach, the case study method. In this case, the dissertation topic was â€Å"What are the Key Considerations for Long Term Success in Large Family Businesses?† This dissertation explored the challenges that family businesses experience with regards to continuation of the business for the generations that follow. This is because, the number of family members keeps increasing and not all have the same set of required skills and knowledge for working in the family business or getting involved in the family business decisions. The assumption is that, challenges exist with regards to the future of family business unless certain careful measures are taken. This is the purpose of this research, exploring and outline the key steps that would guarantee the success in large family businesses. The goal of this study was to understand how business roots and emotional attachment

The Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner Essay I will be doing my book review on the book called ‘kite runner’, by Khalid Hosseini. The Kite Runner tells the story of Amir, a young boy from the Wazir Akbar Khan district of Kabul, who befriends Hassan, the son of his fathers Hazara servant. The story is set against a background of upcoming events, from the fall of Afghanistans monarchy through the Soviet invasion, the large number of refugees sent to Pakistan and the United States, and the rise of the Taliban regime. I am doing my book review on the Kite Runner because I think it is a marvellous and very interesting book. The author also describes the settings very well. Khalid Hosseini was born on 4th March 1965; he is an American novelist and physician from Afghanistan and he is an ethnic Tajik. Amir, a wealthy Pashtun boy, and Hassan, a Hazara who is the son of Ali, Amirs fathers servant, spend their days in the peaceful city of Kabul, kite fighting and roaming through the streets. Amirs father, a wealthy merchant, whom Amir affectionately refers to as ‘Baba’, loves both boys, but seems critical of Amir for not being manly enough. However, he has a kinder father figure in the form of Rahim Khan, Babas friend, who understands Amir better, and supports his interest in writing. Hassan and Amir are great friends. Hassan is also a very good kite runner. Five years later, the Soviet Union invades Afghanistan. Amir and Baba escape to Peshawar, Pakistan and then to Fremont, California, where Amir and Baba, who lived in luxury in an expensive mansion in Afghanistan, settle in a run-down apartment and Baba begins work at a gas station. Amir eventually takes classes at a local community college to develop his writing skills after graduating from high school at age twenty. Every Sunday, Baba and Amir make extra money selling used goods at a flea market in San Jose. Hassan is killed but his son is in trouble, so Amir goes back to Afghanistan to save him. The genre of this novel is action and adventure. Most of the action takes place in Afghanistan. The author described the place where Amir lived; you could almost picture his house in your mind. When you chose an adventure book people expect the story to be interesting, fascinating and settings to be described very well also. The novel fits the genre because they play all around Kabul, running away from the bullies and also it is about the life of Hassan and Amir, it has the up and downs of their lives. One triumphant day, Amir wins the local tournament, and finally Babas praise. Hassan runs for the last cut kite, a great trophy, saying to Amir, For you, a thousand times over. Unfortunately, Hassan encounters Assef. Hassan refuses to give up Amirs kite. Assef decides to teach Hassan a lesson by beating him half to death and then raping him. Amir witnesses the act but convinced himself that he is too scared to intervene; though its actually the fact that he needs the kite for Babas praise and approval and he knows if he does intervene, then he wont get the kite and he returns home ashamed, guilty for not being able to help his best friend. He feels that his cowardice in Hassans rape would destroy any hopes for Babas affections, so he says nothing. Afterward, Hassan and Amir keep a distance from each other. Amir reacts indifferently because he feels ashamed, and is frustrated by Hassans saint-like behavior. Already jealous of Babas love for Hassan, he worries that if Baba knew of Hassans bravery and his own cowardice, that Babas love for Hassan would grow even more. This part of the story showed how loyal and brave Hassan was. Amir like reading stories and is a storyteller. He and Hassan play with kites all the time. He is a little bit afraid of the other boys like Assef. I have enjoyed this book a lot it has been interesting, I felt sorry for Hassan because he was so loyal and his loyalty had cost his life. The novel was a great adventure story. It is one of the best books I have ever read. By Nima Tajali.

Less Effective Form Of Communication Media Essay

Less Effective Form Of Communication Media Essay Communication is the key thing that sets human beings apart from all the other animals. The human ability to communicate at a very sophisticated level has enabled us to build civilizations and to develop advanced technologies. Technology has increased incrementally since then and there have been huge leaps in communications technologies, such as the Internet. Whereas, the quality of the communication deteriorated as our ability to communicate rapidly via technology. The world today is a global world; we live in a global village and the world as we know it keeps decreasing due to the rapid growth of technology. The ever increasing speed at the development of new technology creates innovative ways of communicating and in more ways than one has changed the way people communicate. It will be argued here that although modern communication has some advantages, which include convenience, speed, dissemination, the disadvantages cannot be neglected, such as lack of content, language confusion . The role of modern technology provides methods that hinder interpersonal communication. This essay briefly provides a critical opinion on the potential disadvantages and possible dilemma with the use of electronic communication in interpersonal communication by provides examples of some interpersonal communication that rely on new technology . First, a rapid increase in communications technology has led to increased quantity of communication, but decreased quality. Technology is constantly changing the way we communicate. Although technology has made peoples life easier to communicate with others, it has caused the potential problem that the forms of communication to become less effective and less formal. Advances of communication technology have reduced the effectiveness of modern communication. The only forms of communication in many years ago were face to face, letters, and telephone. The switch to digital technology, like the invention of the internet has been the major influences on the form of how people communicate. (Boddy. 1) Communication is important to humans and a vital part of our world;. Human is a social animal and therefore requires communication as an essential tool for socializing. Focusing on interpersonal communication skills, Eunson (Eunson. 286) defines this as the processes that help, distort or bloc k communication of messages between individuals but communicating effectively requires some basic skills such as active listening, usage and interpretation of body language and facial expressions. However, technology has created different channels to enhance interpersonal communication, invention such as mobile phones, emails, social networks, has made for easier, faster and smarter ways of communicating. John Boynton Priestleyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Paradox suggests that the rapid increase in communications technology has reduced effective communication (Eunson. 4-5). It is the growth in all aspects of life in the twenty-first century that have increased the emphasis put on interpersonal communication. As the world continues to experience more growth, expands its horizons and even becomes more and more connected through technological advances, this has continued to call for the carrying out of effective interpersonal dialogue. As a result of advancement in technology an d the associated rise in businesses where transactions in faraway countries get involved, the call to have and maintain quality conversation has become a reality now. The question that therefore rises here is whether quality communication existed at one point in time and was eliminated by technological advancement or it is the technology itself that has made people realize the importance of quality during interpersonal communication? The former could be more true than the later as argued by Priestley (McEvoy. 48). Effective communication has been categorized as one that would only involve a small group of people who have the ability to interact exclusively with each and therefore have the chance and ability to adapt their messages to suit their recipient specific needs and get immediate interpretations and response from them (Eunson: 6). Technology is turning things around and Priestleys paradox cannot be held in doubt. It is possible today to send an email within minutes to thousan ds of people all over the world. This is fast and good but the problem with this kind of communication is that it does not meet the criteria for effective communication. The thousands of people who receive these emails do not have a chance to react directly to the sender. To be noted also very well is that it is not possible to customize this kind of communication to suit the specific needs of every recipient. A general message would thus have to be sent to all people irrespective of their needs. There is no doubt here that quantity of messages sent is a guarantee but quality remains questionable. Nowadays, the Internet has been the biggest technological advance in communication since the invention of the telephone. The Internet has allowed a worldwide network that is accessible by anywhere, anyone, and anytime(Kraut et al. 49). The internet had a negative effect, which is a paradox, on social involvement and psychological wellbeing with new internet users.(Kraut et al. 52). Modern technology has had its benefits as well as disadvantages on communication. Priestley felt that it has reduced quality and increased quantity while there are opponents to this theory who feel otherwise. There is no doubt that technology in communication has increased quantity but the concern of quality remains to be concluded as per the specific case that would be considered. In some cases it may reduce quality while in other cases, quality has been shown to be enhanced. Moreover, electronic communication also has negative impacts on language skills. In the struggle to educate the next generation, literacy, creativity, and thinking are all being impacted by technology communication. Language is shortened and cannibalized. It becomes acceptable to employ shortcuts that can spill over into the workplace. Impatience may result when folks fed on sound bites are forced to confront lengthy books, complex texts and journal articles. Literature and the English language both suffer as evidenced by declining reading skills and compromised rules of grammar. This decline has the potential to diminish performance on all sorts of challenges, including critical job-qualifying exams and assignments. Another drawback to communication technology is that many people feel more isolated than connected even as we are now allow to communicate with more and more people through various technologies. Life has a lot of dramatic changed. through the socializing among people. the frequency of social meetings has reduced. An increasingly number of people are more care and concern about their online life rather than their real social life. Technological means have also affected nonverbal communication. The current generation is beome more lacks essential interpersonal skills, such as the ability to express the ideas and thoughts to others face-to-face. The increased frequency of communication through texting and chatting on websites is a major reason for this tendency. In face to face communication and nonverbal communication, like facial expressions and body language, reinforces peoples message. Nonverbal communication is not allow for peoceed via communication technology . The Internet has m ade it possible to keep in touch with people from anywhere in the world. Pelople also can communicate on text messaging and cell phones. This has led to some complaints that such technology has led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions. Communicating with someone face-to-face allows people to watch their nonverbal cues, such as a smile or a frown, and this is another layer of communication. Technology doesnt allow people to catch these sorts of nonverbal cues. As Dr. Pam Hayes, an Alaska psychologist said, I think there is the potential for greater richness in face-to-face interaction because you lose the facial expressions and body cues when youre doing work on the Internet. The subtle forms of communications are lost over the Internet.Lack of face-to-face interaction has reduced the nonverbal grasping power of individuals. Communication technology creates laziness of some people. For example, people who use electronic communication to contactt somebody in the same place are d isplaying lazy behavior. The from typically involves the social networking web sites like Facebook or MySpace. These sites not only create huge distractions to peoples everyday lives but also keep people have ultimately replaced face-to-face socializing and from doing what theyre supposed to do. One more negative impact which cannot be neglected is that not everyone has the same level of access with electric communication. Digital divide refers to the difference in communication technology skills within groups of people. Electric communication makes the gap between people who possess regular access to technology, such as computers and their related functions like ability to get on the Internet Communication technology makes the digital divide of people who do not have this access . In conclusion, although technology has made life easier to communicate, it has caused the forms of communication to become less formal and less effective. Along with the rapid increase of technological innovations, people are more and more connected in the globalized world of today. However, as a result of the new technologies from this information agebut are ironically more isolated from family and friends. Although the alleviate of communication may have been improved, our lives have become more impersonal consequently. Technology has indeed made potential negative impact on society and made interpersonal communication less effective. Work sited Boddy, William. New Media and Popular Imagination: Launching Radio, Television, and Digital Media in the United States. Oxford University Press, 2004. Print. Eunson, Baden. Communicating in the 21st Century. John Wiley Sons Australia, 2008. Print. McEvoy, J. G. Enlightenment and Dissent in Science: Joseph Priestley and the Limits of Theoretical Reasoning. Enlightenment and Dissent 2. 1983. Print. Robert Kraut, Michael Patterson, Vicki Lundmark, Sara Kiesler, Tridas Mukopadhyay, and William Scherli.sInternet Paradox: A Social Technology That Reduces Social Involvement. Carnegie Mellon University,1998.